The Blue Sword CHAPTER THREE Free Essays

string(67) past the primary frightened flick of notice; nor was it her beauty. Corlath gazed at his ponies dark tipped ears. The Hillfolk went through the entryway of the Residency and Corlath lifted his look to rake furiously over the dusty station road, the little dun-hued houses and shops, the little messy trees. At a slight move in his rider’s weight the red pony killed the street. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Blue Sword CHAPTER THREE or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now The brutal bang of hooves on the stuffed earth street changed to the more blunt sound of struck sand. He could hear his men killing the street behind him; he shook his head in a vain endeavor to clear a little space for thought in the midst of the displeasure, and reclined in his seat, and the horse’s pace eased back. There was no sense in charging over the desert at early afternoon; it was challenging for the ponies. The six riders quit for the day him; the two who approached to ride next to him took brief glances at him as they drew close, and turned away again as fast. Foreigners! Automatically his hands, laying daintily on his thighs, twisted into clench hands. He ought to have known better than even to attempt to converse with them. His dad had cautioned him, years back. In any case, that was before the Northerners had come so close. Corlath squinted. The warmth of his own indignation was difficult to contain when there wasn’t some utilization he could put it to; outrage was magnificently helpful on the front line, however he was not confronting any regiments quite recently that could be tangled in their own feet and thumped over in organizations. Much as he might want, for instance, to burn down the large inept house †a silly structure for the desert: it must be such a thing they lived in their own nation †and watch it crash down around the ears of the enormous delicate animal who called himself official †¦ yet demonstrate hatred for was for youngsters, and he had been lord for a long time, and he bit down on his displeasur e and held it. He recollected when he was youthful and before the full blossoming of his kelar, of the horrendous quality referred to amusingly as the â€Å"Gift,† his dad had disclosed to him that it would frequently be this way: â€Å"We aren’t extremely much good, aside from as fight machines, and even there our handiness is constrained. You’ll revile it, frequently enough, unquestionably more regularly than you’ll be happy of it, however there you are.† He moaned, and took a gander at his child. â€Å"They state that back in the Great Days it was extraordinary, that men were made large enough to hold it †and had mind enough to get it. It was Lady Aerin, the story goes, that previously knew her Gift and broke it to her will, yet that was some time in the past, and we’re littler now.† Corlath had stated, reluctantly: â€Å"They state additionally that the Gift was once useful for different things: recuperating and quieting and taming.† His dad gestured unfortunately. â€Å"Yes; maybe it used to be; however no more. Luthe knows, on the off chance that he will let you know, for he has the old kelar, and who his folks are even he has overlooked; however Luthe is himself. You and I are of more blunt blood. â€Å"And it is more blunt blood that has carried us to what we are, what we remain †what stays to us. Dodge the Outlanders, in the event that you can. They can’t, or won’t, get us; they don’t perceive ponies from bulls, and will attempt to put the burden on you that they have held tight the remainder of our property. Be that as it may, their quality is the quality of numbers and of willfulness and tirelessness; don't think little of it.† He could see his dad remaining in one of the inward yards of the City in the mountains, gazing at one of the wellsprings, water running sparkling over the hued stones of the Hills, talking half to himself. At that point the image blurred, abrogated in another quick compass of outrage; and he ended up taking a gander at the young lady once more, the young lady he had seen remaining before the Outlander house. What had she to do with anything? He grimaced, and his horse’s ears and dark mane returned before him. He looked into; it was as yet a long ride to their camp. He had not, by one way or another, wished to rest too approach the Outlanders; it was not that he speculated conscious bad form, yet that the air that hung over an Outlander station sent terrible dreams to Hillfolk. His resentment kicked him again like a prodded heel; he jumped. It had its very own existence, the Gift, damn it. What garbled article did it want of him this time? He knew at this point the quirks of rulers, and others whose blood conveyed much kelar, were seen with more caution by the casualties themselves than by their companions and subjects. Not that the alert did any great. On the off chance that one was top dog, one couldn't clarify away one’s progressively impervious activities by saying that one just couldn’t help it. Woven into his displeasure there was an example. Every so often he got it. He paused, gritting his teeth; and he saw the young lady once more. This time, as long as she was there, he took a gander at her. At the point when he had seen her first, at the foot of the means, only a couple of moments prior, he had been amazed into taking a gander at her. He comprehended what his look could do when he was furious, and attempted to be cautious about whom it laid on, and for to what extent. In any case, this young lady had, tragically for her, by one way or another grabbed his eye, and he had looked longer than he implied. She was tall, as tall as most men, tall even by Outlander norms. Her hair was yellow, the shade of sun on sand, and nearly as brilliant. His kin, the Hillfolk, were generally littler than the Outlanders, and dull of skin and hair. In any case, it wasn’t her size or her shading that held him past the main alarmed flick of notice; nor was it her excellence. You read The Blue Sword CHAPTER THREE in class Article models There was an excessive amount of solidarity in that face and in the long bones of the body for excellence. Something about the quietness of her, maybe? Or on the other hand her independent straightness; something about the manner in which her eyes met his, with more idea behind them than the standard half-mesmerized, half-frightful look he had figured out how to expect in the event that he held anyone’s look too long †in any event, when his kelar hushed up. Something, he thought abruptly, similar to the controlled straightness he himself had mastered, r ealizing great what could occur in the event that he loose. Be that as it may, that was rubbish. She was an Outlander. While there were still wild games among his own kin, where a couple of drops of imperial blood from numerous previous eras would out of nowhere burst into full kelar in the veins of some calm family’s youngster, there had never yet been an Outlander with any Gift to contain. This line of reasoning benefited him enough from the focal point of outrage that he had started to loosen up a little; his hands uncurled, and the dark mane cleared against his fingers. He looked forward; he knew, in spite of the fact that he couldn't yet observe it, that his camp lay just past this next piece of what resembled level uncovered fair desert and was in actuality a little ascent in the land, a sufficient cushion from sand and tempest to permit a little well of sweet water, with a little grass and low scour, to live behind a securing shoulder. As he watched out over his desert, practically quiet once more, or if nothing else finding the beginnings of quiet, the kelar unexpectedly delivered an image of Sir Charles’ silly white face restlessly saying, â€Å"My dear sir †well †Your Majesty† and clarifying why he was unable to support him. The image was pushed before his eyes, and he took his breath in pointedly between his teeth. Having grabbed his eye, the determined kelar grabbed Sir Charles away and gave him the young lady once more. Shouldn't something be said about her? he yelled quietly, however there was no answer. It was uncommon that the Gift at any point made it simple for him by clarifying what it needed. Now and again he never found out, and was left to wade through like some other human †with the additional burden of incomprehensible messages slamming inside his skull. His understanding gave way; he inclined forward in the seat, and the enormous steed jumped into a dash. The six riders, who knew their king’s temperaments, and hadn’t been cheerful at their gathering at the Outlanders’ hands themselves, let him go. He turned away from the line that would take him legitimately to the camp. The man on the brilliant dun, who had been riding on the king’s right, calmed his mount with one hand. â€Å"Nay, we don't tail him this time.† The man at his left looked across at him and gestured quickly. â€Å"May the Just and Glorious be with him.† The most youthful of the riders grunted with chuckling, despite the fact that it was not charming giggling. â€Å"May the Just and Glorious be with us all. Damn the Outlanders!† The man on the dun scowled and stated, â€Å"Innath, watch your tongue.† â€Å"I am watching it, my friend,† answered Innath. â€Å"You might be happy you can't hear what I am thinking.† The ruler had vanished in the warmth coat ascending from the sand when the little gathering beat the ascent and saw the pale tents of their camp before them, and surrender to telling the individuals who anticipated them what had happened during the gathering with the Outlanders. Harry squinted and perceived the kid at her elbow. â€Å"Thank you,† she said absently, and he drove the horse away, looking tensely behind him at the manner in which the desert men had gone, and obviously thankful to leave himself. She concealed her eyes with her hand a second, which just served to toss the fire of her cerebral pain into more prominent alleviation. She gazed toward the men on the verandah and saw them moving uncertainly, as though they were awakening, still half affected by upsetting dreams. She felt a similar way. Her shoulder squeaked when she dropped her arm once more. In any event it will be somewhat cooler inside, she thought, and advanced up the means. Cassie and Beth, their mounts drove away after Ha

Baroque Architecture

Ornate Architecture Works of well known planners and stone workers What is Baroque Architecture? A Style beginning in late sixteenth Century Italy Consists of complex Architectural arrangement shapes, frequently dependent on the oval. Dynamic resistance and bury entrance of spaces were supported to featured the sentiment of movement and erotic nature. Other trademark characteristics incorporate:- Grandeur †Drama and Contrast †Courageousness †Twisting components †Gilded sculpture He was the child of a stonemason and started his profession as a stonemason himself. He before long went predominant investigation and practice his craft.He moved torment 1619 and began working for Carlo Modern, Bromine's genuine name was Francesco Castillo. When he had gotten set up in Rome, he changed his name from Castles' to Bromine, He worked inside Lorenz Bernardino the plan of the fundamentalist's. Dwindle Basilica , the two later turned out to be severe opponents. Francesco Borrowi ngs the ace of bended divider engineering. He was impacted by the design of Michelangelo and the vestiges of Antiquity. His engineering utilizes controls of Classical compositional structures, geometrical thrilling with emblematic implications behind his structures. Ђ Classical structural structures, geometrical methods of reasoning in his arrangements and emblematic implications in his structures. Well known works of Bromine Architecture San Cairo rear entryway Squatter Fontanne Sandal's all Seaplane, 1660 Colleges did Propaganda Fide Santiago SE in Agony The Sandal's all Oratory Sapience and Palazzo bite the dust Filipino Assonant zone dell Fretter Barbering San Carlo back street Equator Fontanne Falconer Spade San Giovanni in Lateran San Cairo rear entryway Squatter Fontanne Bromine's first autonomous bonus This small church, alongside its Rudyard, is one of the most significant landmarks of the extravagant style in Rome.

Dialogue “Modern Attitude to Love and Marriage” Essay

* Hi, Lucy! Do you know Johnny and I are getting hitched? * Oh, fantastic! I ponder time. You have been living respectively for†¦for†¦ * for a long time. * Yes, for a long time as of now. I’m so glad for you, Sarah! * And I’m so cheerful for myself as well! * And would you say you will have an exquisite wedding service? * No, Johnny and I are going to enlist our marriage at the Registry Office. No wedding service, no shroud and no bridesmaids. * I got it. Be that as it may, how might you power Johnny to wed you? I realize he is supporter of free love. * Yes, however as you’ve said before we have been living for a long time as of now. He is utilized to my desires and I’m used to his propensities. Furthermore, after all he has steadied down. * It implies that he’s not such adulterer as in the past, isn’t he? * I’m not certain but rather I trust. * Well, he is from the ‘90s age. What's more, I think it’s the purpose behind all issues. * But a similar I can say about you and about me. We have a place with this age as well. * Yes, yet you realize that men are more light-disapproved in relations than ladies. Besides, they are progressively disposed to be unfaithful. What's more, discussing the ‘90s generation†¦well, I figure it’s the most corrupt and loose age. * Partly you’re right. Loyalty amounts to nothing these days. And yet you have more opportunity. For instance, sex doesn’t essentially include marriage. * You do see it, it’s better for men once more. You know most of men don’t need the wedlock by any stretch of the imagination; they are totally substance to be free and to have intercourse with anyone. In any case, ladies are progressively genuine in relations, that’s why every one of them despite everything need to be hitched by thirty years. * Yes, you’re right obviously. Yet anyway there were a few points of interest because of the sexual unrest. For instance you can have intercourse before marriage; I think it’s an incredible opportunity for everyone. * Well, it’s undeniable. With respect to me, so I’m very good old individual. You realize I need supreme devotion in my relationship. It’s significant for me when my accomplice and I can chat with one another, and it’s in any event, offending when my sweetheart plays around with any other person. * I see. Be that as it may, I don’t share your perspective. I’m sure it’s essentially to give some opportunity to your significant other. You stake yourâ partner by restricting his opportunity so carefully. Adoring an individual methods permitting him to act naturally. * Maybe you’re right. Regardless I look at that as a consistent relationship depends on trust, comprehension and reliability. * Well, I won’t make you alter your perspective. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you, dubious of your significant other unfaithfulness, continue grumbling, sobbing and annoying, I can guarantee you your life partner will submit infidelity with greater likelihood. * I’m with you here. Presently I need to get some information about your future existence with Johnnie. Have you chosen as of now where you would live? * Don’t you realize that he has his own loft? * Really? It’s awesome!â * Yes, he is an autonomous, independent man. I’m so glad for him! * Yes, youngsters remain on their two feet prior today than they did previously. I accept that’s incredible. * That’s where you’re right! I figure that youngsters should consider marriage simply after they have gotten free of their folks. * As for ladies, so I’m sure they need to finish their instruction, construct work power aptitudes and create profession interests before getting hitched. * Too obvious. As a matter of fact it’s typical for the advanced world, particularly for urbanized nations that individuals delay marriage so as to assemble a profession and make a fortune. * Unfortunately, there is the opposite side of the coin. These profession interests may, thus, persuade ladies to restrain family size. That’s why we have such a low birth rate in totally created nations. * Oh, I concur altogether. It’s really awful. Goodness, I can’t help stressing over our living respectively! * Calm down and don’t blather. You have been living for a long time and now you’re stressing! * Yes, yet it wasn’t a wedlock, yet just a living together. * Don’t stress! I figure individuals ought to get realize each other well before getting hitched. What's more, I accept your marriage will be fruitful and solid. * So do I. Yet anyway I’m apprehensive that all these negligible customs and papers will ruin our relations. * If you truly love each other then there is nothing to stress over. Sarah, when are you going to have an infant? Have you talked about as of now this inquiry with Johnnie? * Oh, I’m so upbeat that I have Johnnie! He is only a perfect man. Additionally, he loves kids. He needs to have a major family. Would you be able to envision he needs to have four youngsters, two young ladies and two young men! * And shouldn't something be said about you? You know childbearing crown jewels aâ figure. Would you like to gain weight and have cellulite? * Oh, I think it’s senseless to consider such fools of life. You have just a single life and I’m sure you ought to commit your life to kids. I’ve possessed enough energy for celebrating the good life. Presently I’m very nearly 27 and I need to give all my affection to my youngsters and my better half. * I see. It’s such an astute choice. Yet, with respect to me, so I wouldn’t need to have such a significant number of children. It will be sufficient to have just two youngsters. Yet in addition I’d like to embrace a vagrant kid. * Really? It’s daring of you. * Yes, I truly need to love and bring up a kid, which was denied of protective love. Furthermore, what’s your parents’ demeanor to your inevitable marriage. * You realize my mother thinks about shameless to live with the man under a similar rooftop if he’s not your better half. What's more, my dad is the adversary of the precedent-based marriage. * So they should be truly charmed with this news.

Role of Education in 21st Century Free Essays

Job of training in 21stâ century Long, some time in the past, Newton had said that he was ‘like a kid, who isâ picking stones at coastline while the extraordinary expanse of information lies before me’. From that point forward, information has developed immensely atâ a a lot quicker speed than human capacity to adapt to it. Mechanical headways of twentieth century, particularly during post 1970? s because of unrest in the field of data innovation, have changed the entire situation. We will compose a custom article test on Job of Education in 21st Century or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Going into universe of information resembles going into a thick timberland. Just way out is to create unwavering focus/mind, regarding what one needs to knowâ and put forth true attempts toâ pursue applicable information in that particular region. Additionally it is similarly critical to update information constantly. As Alvin Toffler, eminent author has stated, â€Å"The ignorant of twenty-first century won't be the individuals who can not peruse or compose, yet the individuals who can't learn, unlearn and relearn. † Purpose of instruction Unfortunately, which means and motivation behind proficiency and training is misjudged. Proficiency doesn't simply mean the information on three ‘R’s, nor does itâ mean just scholastic or hypothetical examinations/information prompting grant of degrees. Expanding information base through accessible data is alsoâ not the reason for learning. Adademic information and grant of degrees through proper instruction without successful preparing frameworks neither servesâ any purposeâ nor drove the individuals to get utilized profitably. As Khalil Gibran has said †information, the object of information and utilization of the information †all the three are similarly significant for spurring to make a shrewd move. A little information that demonstrations is worth more than much information that is inert. One, whose information is bound to books, can't utilize his abundance of information, at whatever point required. The extent of training †The extent of instruction is a lot more extensive. It is a nonstop procedure. It implies total up-bringing of the individual beginning from the youth till end. In its more extensive sense, proficiency and instruction grasps inside itself perusing, perception, thought and its application, all things considered, circumstances. Inside its purview, additionally comes development of propensities, habits, character, mentality and fitness alongside giving information. Learning at every single phase of life expands information base, comprehension and mentalities of an individual. A very much arranged and sound arrangement of instruction moves people to control their faculties, brain and acumen, with the goal that they could be balanced better in genuine life’s condition. It guides individuals to accomplish their objectives inside time and cost parameters and to channelize their endeavors towards wanted bearing. To put it plainly, a sound instruction framework confers information, shapes mentalities, develops abilities and assembles work propensities for the individuals. Differentiation between activity, taboo activity, and in real life †Knowledge hasâ been thought about fundamental to give exercises, their due importance and worth. As per Hindu way of thinking even a savvy man may get confounded without information about do’s and don’ts. It is simply after the procurement of information, that a personâ understands the genuine idea of work and could recognize accurately between activity, prohibited activity and in real life. India and its Education framework High respect for information India has consistently offered significance to and indicated a high respects for information, astuteness, ethics, characters and self discipline. As indicated by Indian way of thinking, ‘Wealth of information is preeminent among all types of wealth’. (Vidya dhanam sarvadhana pradhanam). Consequently, information is the best thing to be looked for after. A person is human since he has the natural ability to think and look for information. More significance to information than riches †Unlike India, in Western nations, more significance is being given to formation of riches. Riches is a definitive point of the individuals, measuring stick of accomplishment and a superficial point of interest. Conventional India was not all that materialistic. Its frameworks had isolated interest and accomplishment in information from enticements of common solaces, riches or influence legislative issues. As indicated by Indian way of thinking, when an individual pursues indiscriminately cash and overlooks the genuine reason for information, both riches and information evaporates from their lives. The main prudent approach to create riches and addition influence goes by means of the way of genuine information. Information as the base of positioning †Earlier the significance of an individual, foundation or a country was decided based on the level of exemplary nature and equity. Enormity of a country was judgedâ with which its organization represented existences of the basic men or their character. It was not based on the size of an express, its military powerâ or its treasury/bank-balance. Correspondingly, in the general public, an individual or a station was positioned based on information, iscipline and moral principles, and not based on material achievement, muscle or cash power or of having controllingâ power over the predetermination of basic man. Regard for educated people †In old India, aside from Brahmins, others were likewise paid respectâ by the societyâ for their learning, character, otherworldliness and capacity to guideâ general masses. The framewor k was very liberal in this issue. It effortlessly acknowledged the privilege and chance to get to the top from the humblest cause and gain the regard of the entire society. For instance, Vashishtha, the head of the traditionalist school of Brahmanism, was the child of Uravshi, a whore. Vishwamitra, the creator of the very Gayatri Mantra, the pith of the Vedic Brahmanism, was a Kshatriya. Aitreya, after whom the hallowed piece of Rig-Veda is named as Aitreya Brahamana, was the child from a non-Aryan spouse of a Brahman sage. Vyasa of Mahabharata acclaim was the child of a fish-lady (having a place with Mahr people group †Dalit as indicated by present measures and to which Dr Ambedkar, the savior of Dalits had a place). Balmiki, a distant as per present principles, the first creator of Ramayana, is exceptionally regarded all over India. None of them were not embarrassed ofâ their starting point. They despite everything hold an extremely high situation when all is said in done open personalities. Close association among Knowledge and difficult work - For getting information, preparing mind in a logical way and concentrating energies of psyche, one needs to battle, buckle down, put forth genuine attempts and face numerous difficulties throughout everyday life. Presently a-days, courageâ to battle or buckle down is absent with the exception of in a couple of understudies, who despite everything keep the fire of looking for information consuming constantly. Without difficult work, scan for information stays deficient and shallow. In old India sages (Rishi-Munies) had worked day and night to obtain genuine information. The adoration for information propelled numerous understudies to stroll from various pieces of the nation to focuses of learning around then like Taxila or Nalanda. An incredible Emperor, as Ashoka the extraordinary, suspected it his obligation, to bow before the priests â€Å"as a characteristic of my profound regard for their learning, insight and penance. What is important throughout everyday life, are not a person’s status or position, however his ethics and intelligence. Just when you have raised yourself up from numbness, would you be able to perceive the enormity of a couple in an ocean of mankind. † For making present day human advancement, earnest information searchers in Western world additionally couldn't have cared less for bothers or difficulties. They had relinquished their time (for around two centuries), energies and solaces looking for information. At that point no one but they could create extraordinary present day logical information, procedure and riches. Educationâ in current India Sixty four years after autonomy and self-rule, lliteracy-rate has gone up to 74% from 65%. For guys it has ascended to 82% from 75%, for females to 65% from 54%. In supreme number, the figure is disturbing. No country can stand to have countless its populace to stay uneducated, uninformed and incompetent. Requirements That everything isn't well in training framework in India †has been noted by recognized academicians, approach producers, political pioneers, other prominent people, commissions and advisory groups. Occasionally, they have brought up its disappointments in some zone. It has consistently been felt that Modern training has gotten progressively disconnected to national needs and desires, lacking, inefficient and useless. Notwithstanding what requirements that have alreadyâ beenâ existing in the instruction framework, a lot progressively outer and interior problems,â paradoxes and imperatives have sprung up. A few imperfections in present day training dependent on colonized British Grammer School type instruction, were brought up by Gandhiji like †* It depends on outside culture to the practically whole avoidance of the indigenous culture. It disregards the way of life of heart and hand and limits itself basically to head * Real instruction is incomprehensible through outside medium. Outer Constraints †Externally, financial and political weights have damaged its personality and self-governance. A few changes have occurred in the ongoing past in the character, job and between relationship of these principle constituent of the national e lites †the political official, the lawmakers, the businesspeople, the media people, the composed laborers, the overflow ranchers and the administrators. It brought into the cutting edge some unwanted social changes and political strife. It has influenced unfavorably the entire climate in the field of instruction too. Populace blast has squeezed present training framework and its accessible foundation. Restricted loyalties, sectional interests and sub-societies like †preference, nepotism and debasement have quick

The ancient Egyptian culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The old Egyptian culture - Research Paper Example The two deserts circumscribing Egypt on the two sides is apparently a disadvantage in the lavish land close to the waterway banks however the two land types were perfect to support probably the most seasoned human advancement ever. The Egyptians viewed the two land types as two distinct locales. The primary kind, the Kemet or â€Å"black land† (6), is the place the antiquated Egyptians develop crops. The land is truly dark because of the flooding of the Nile leaving sediment stores on the dirt. Great measures of residue in soil improve water maintenance and air circulation which are the best conditions for developing yields. The subsequent sort is the â€Å"red land† or the Desheret (6) which is the tremendous stretch of desert on the two sides of the Kemet. Not at all like the â€Å"black land†, the sand and warmth of the Desheret was not helpful for crops. The â€Å"red land† rather yielded valuable stones, copper, gold and different minerals that are ma de into gems and devices. The desert was additionally the chasing reason for the old Egyptians, bunnies, gazelles and pronghorns were the standard prey of the trackers. The Nile River with its ripe soils and desert lands plentiful in minerals and valuable stones gave the perfect condition and satisfactory assets for a general public to flourish. The soonest Egyptian pilgrims were roaming trackers who chose to live for all time on the banks of the Nile. The start of the Nile River progress began between 3300 B.C. what's more, 332 B.C. (5) before the foundation of a perceived government framework. Confirmations of the presence of the early tenants were uncovered in tombs. Cleaned semi-valuable stones made into gems, ceramics, mud models and copper trimmings were gotten from the unearthings and found to go back to the Pre-dynastic period of the Egyptian progress. Preceding the start of Dynastic Egypt, Nile-occupants are grouped into two societies with independent government frameworks. The Upper Egypt arranged in the south of the Delta involving the piece of land between the deserts. The Badarian and Naqadan culture thrived in Upper Egypt developing the land and making ceramics (Hayes 14) that later became significant archeological relics. The state head in Upper Egypt wears the white hedget and accepted to be the embodiment of their god. Lower Egypt’s culture was likewise impacted by Upper Egypt the administration structure be that as it may, is increasingly bureaucratic and managed by families. Leaders of Lower Egypt wear the red deshret. Pre-dynastic pilgrims in Egypt were developing wheat, grain and flax (Bell, Quie 40). The planting season begins in October when the floods die down leaving the residue rich soil prepared for planting. Reap season is from March to May not long before June when the flooding happens because of the flooding of the Nile brought about by overwhelming downpours and the liquefying snow from Ethiopia. The immersion time frame b egins from June and goes on until September (Deady 14). Creatures were additionally trained during the Pre-dynastic period. Dairy cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and canines (Trigger 17) were among the creatures the antiquated Egyptians restrained. Jackasses were likewise trained and later used as a methods for transportation. At the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period in antiquated Egypt, the unification of the two old Egyptian locales additionally welcomed on the amplified utilization of the whole stretch of the Nile for transportation and water system frameworks. Old Egypt had its first tradition under the principal pharaoh Narmer or Menes. Egypt turned into the biggest country under one ruler

Stop waiting

Stop waiting… We convince ourselves that life will be better after we get married, have a baby, then another. Then we are frustrated that the kids arent old enough and well be more content when they are.After that, were frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with. We will certainly be happy when they are out of that stage. We tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our spouse gets his or her act together, when we get a nicer car, are able to go on a nice vacation, when we retire. The truth is, theres no better time to be happy than right now. If not now, when?Your life will always be filled with challenges. Its best to admit this to yourself and decide to be happy anyway. One of my favourite quotes comes from Alfred D. Souse. He said, For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to begin real life. But there was always some obstacle in the way, something to be gotten through first, some unfinished business, time still to be served, or a debt to be paid. Then life would b egin. At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life.This perspective has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness.Happiness is the way. So, treasure every moment that you have and treasure it more because you shared it with someone special, special enough to spend your time and remember that time waits for no one.So, stop waiting until you finish school,  until you go back to school,  until you lose ten pounds,  until you gain ten pounds,  until you have kids,  until your kids leave the house,  until you start work,  until you retire,  until you get married,  until you get divorced,  until Friday night,  until Sunday morning,  until you get a new car/home,  until your car or home is paid off,  until spring, until summer,  until fall, until winter,  until you are off welfare,  until the first or fifteenth,  until your song comes on,  until youve had a drink,  until youve sobered up,  until you die,  until you are born againto decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy.Happiness is a journey, not a destination.By Crystal BoydSo Work like you dont need money, love like youve never been hurt and dance like no one is watching. ~ Randall G Leighton Life Lessons

Five Tips to Approaching AP Tests

AP testing the May tradition in which high school students across the country experience the urge to curl into the fetal position, hug their childhood stuffed animals, and softly cry themselves to sleep. Its one of the most daunting parts of high school, particularly for juniors, but a few simple tricks can keep the panic at bay: 1. Start Early That procrastinator’s guilt? It’s going to eat you up inside sooner or later.   One of the best ways to minimize stress is to accomplish just a little bit of review every day. After all, nothing guarantees a mental breakdown like memorizing the world’s history in a single night. Force yourself to start early and ease yourself in: make use of the commercial breaks during your favorite TV show. Look over a practice problem while waiting for your morning coffee. Or, my personal favorite, put sticky-note vocab words on your fridge and only let yourself grab a snack if you answer them. (Cruel? Yes. †¦but effective). 2.  Break Content into Chunks No matter what AP test you are taking, there is going to be an overwhelmingly large amount of information on it. By dividing up your study load, though, you can compartmentalize and prioritize different tests far more easily. Instead of looking at the entire AP Bio textbook and thinking to yourself, â€Å"That is supposed to fit into my brain?† take it on in sections. Chapters 1-6 down by Sunday; chapters 7-10 mastered by the end of the following week. 3.  Find a Study Group Bouncing material back and forth off of your peers can be extremely beneficial. It can serve to fill in the blanks that you have in your own comprehension as well as open you up to alternative ways of approaching concepts. Not to mention, having a study-buddy takes away the whole locking-yourself-in-your-room-like-an-unfriendly-hermit thing†¦ †¦so, there’s that. 4. Go to review sessions If you are so lucky as to have a teacher who is willing to offer up their personal time to reiterate subjects to a bunch of punk teenagers: take advantage of it! It is not uncommon for them to offer their sparkling golden nuggets of AP advice during these after-school meet-ups, and you will be able to have your questions answered on the spot by someone who really knows what they’re doing. 5.  Reward yourself AP studying is certainly a time to hunker down, but that doesn’t mean you should be going three weeks without seeing the sun. Take breaks between long periods of work: walk your dog, go on a run, have lunch with some friends. As important as it is to focus, it’s also important to maintain sanity. Your personal wellbeing should always come first.

Distracted Driving Is One Of The Leading Cause Of Death Essay

Distracted driving is one of the leading causes of death. â€Å"Every year, about 421,000 people are injured in crashes that have involved a driver who was distracted in some way,† (Hopkins). Even though this is true, people who use a cell phone while driving are not punished as harshly as drunk drivers. A DUI, driving while intoxicated, is a misdemeanor and could result in a few months in jail, as well as a fine. The punishments for a DUI get more severe each time someone is charged. While, the punishment for texting and driving are only monetary fines. So, why is texting and driving considered a less punishable offense? A major reason is because of the length of time both have been a problem. The first law against drinking and driving was in 1910 and cell phones weren t popular until 80 years after in the 1990s. Because of the long time period of drunk driving being a problem, there is more attention towards the crime. There also wasn’t a long enough time to get the s ame tangible statistics to compare using a phone to drinking and driving. However, now, cell phones have been around for years and the awareness of using them while driving is high but the awareness of the actual danger is low. People who text while driving should face harsher punishments because texting while driving is just as dangerous as driving intoxicated; this is evident through the number of car crashes and fatalities caused by this issue every year, emotional effects texting has on a driver, and theShow MoreRelatedEssay Accidents Caused by Texting and Driving 706 Words   |  3 Pagesteens texting while driving has risen . Researchers at Cohen Childrens Medical Center New Hyde Park estimated 3,000 annual teen deaths nationwide from texting and 300,000 injuries (Ricks). This is more than the number of teens who drink and drive. In comparison, 2,700 teens die from drinking and driving. Because of texting and driving, there has been an increase car crashes, teen injuries and teen deaths. First, car crashes have increase. Its illegal to text while driving in most U.S. statesRead MoreThe Concept Of Autonomous Vehicles Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesautonomous, or self-driving, vehicles dates back nearly a century. It was first introduced in the 1930s when it graced the pages of science fiction and has continued to be a hot topic ever since (Weber, 2014). Autonomous vehicles, or AVs, are â€Å"those in which operation of the vehicle occurs without direct driver input to control the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is not expected to constantly monitor the roadway while operating in self-driving mode† (NHTSA, 2013)Read MoreThe Dangers Of Texting And Driving1391 Words   |  6 PagesDistracted driving alone has claimed around 3,500 lives in the year 2015 (Currin, Andrew). These numbers have increased throughout the last decade causing people to take notice. Texting while driving is the leading cause of distracted driving deaths in the United States. In the last seven years, states across the U.S. have ba nned texting and driving in efforts to stop fatal accidents that have claimed so many lives. The focus of this is piece is to understand the dangers of texting and driving, theRead Moretexting while driving1007 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Dangers of Texting While Driving Over the past few years, texting while driving has become a major issue for many Americans across the country. It has been the cause of many deaths and injuries and is a huge distraction for drivers. Texting while driving is said to be as dangerous as drunk driving. Many campaigns have been developed to further reduce the rate of accidents caused by texting while driving, but these are not taken to notice by the thousands of people taking their chancesRead MoreDeath In Georgia859 Words   |  4 Pageslife and no one likes it. Its even sadder when its a death that can be easily avoided. Injury-related are almost always of the highly preventable type with much of it being due to carelessness or not being conscious of the things that a person ingests or their surroundings.One of the top non-disease killers is death from automotive accidents. In a statistical gathering by the CDC, deaths from automotive accidents were the leading non-disease killers from ages 5-24 and the second one in ages 25-65+Read MoreThe Cons of Texting and Driving918 Words   |  4 PagesAs indicated by Jonathon Burkett, there is a difference between texting and driving. When driving, your eyes have to be open while looking at the road ahead of you. You need to be watching the cars around you and looking at streetlights and road signs. When you are texting, you are focused on the texting device and what you are going to type next. How can you do both (driving and texting)? You can’t; therefore, stop before you take the life of someone else or even your own. People text and driveRead MoreMotor Vehicle Accidents And Economic Stress946 Words   |  4 PagesMotor Vehicle Accidents and Economic Stress In today’s society, motor vehicle accidents can cause serious economic stress on the average U.S. citizen. In America today, the average legal driving age can start out at the age of eighteen. Unless those new drivers have had plenty of time behind the wheel, they are subject to a higher risk of a motor vehicle accident that could result in economic stress. Economic stress can come in all varieties. It can range from an influx in vehicle insurance premiumsRead MoreTexting While Driving Is A Problem904 Words   |  4 Pagesmessaging while driving has a severe the negative effect on drivers ability to maintain a central lane position, or more serious those cause can death on the road. Texting while driving can be compared to driving while being drunk. The author asserts that 30.2 million persons aged 21 years or older had driven under the influence of alcohol at least once during the past year. (Dubois, et al). As a result, many accidents have taken place by the most of teenage rs and adults people who are driving while beingRead MoreMotor Vehicle Safety Essays903 Words   |  4 PagesMotor Vehicle Safety Motor accidents are one of the leading causes of unintentional injuries in the United States. In the year 2000 the National Highway Trafï ¬ c Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimated that around 41,000 people were killed in traffic accidents within the United States. This mortality rate has since dropped 25% from 2000 to 2009 (Rockett et al., 2012). There are many reasons for motor vehicle injuries, ranging from lack of seat belt use, elderly drivers, alcohol and young childrenRead MoreLegal Driving Age743 Words   |  3 PagesLegal Driving Age Many youth ages sixteen to eighteen are audacious, they mostly want freedom, but with freedom comes responsibility and most young adults lack this. They want to have fun before they turn into adults.There are too many problems with minors when it comes to driving. Can we risk the safety of Canadians for juvenile teens? Can we let them rampage through our streets for entertainment? Youngsters are known for partying, sneaking out, drinking; when it is illegal and we can not have

Essay on The Relationship Change Between Pip and Joe Gargery

How has the relationship changed between Pip and Joe Gargery? The relationship between Pip and Joe changes dramatically. As Pip gets older and has turned into a gentleman, Joe has stayed the same, with his clumsy actions and lack of manners. This creates a divide between what used to be a loving relationship. When Pip was a small boy, he felt close to Joe, as Joe was like a father figure and Pip looked up to him. This meant that Joe and Pip had a very strong bond and they were very close. They also shared similarities, as they both had to face being beaten with the tickler by Mrs Joe Gargery. This brought them closer together. It also shows that there are no complications in their relationship and they find it easy to†¦show more content†¦There is a lot of love when Joe says Ever the best of friends; aint us Pip?. Pip agrees with this by hugging Joe and crying. This shows how Pip expresses his emotions towards Joe, and they obviously have a close relationship. Joe and Pips relationship is brought closer when Mrs Joe Gargery doesnt want Joe to learn, no scholars. So when Pip wants to teach Joe without her finding out, it is like a special secret, that only Pip and Joe know about. This brings them closer together, as they both share something special. Joe and Pip are not afraid of showing how close their relationship is. They do this whilst having dinner. They talk over the table, this shows a strong bond between them. It is also like a link or a special connection between the two of them. When Pip has to leave, to go to Miss Havishams house, he finds it hard to say goodbye to Joe. He has never parted from Joe before and it is like the strong bond between them suddenly starting to weaken. As Pip grows older, becoming more of a gentleman, he grows further and further appart from Joe. This becomes a problem, as they now feel awkward to be in each others presence. Joe feels that he has to now ask for permission to see Pip. In the letter from Pip to Joe it says Dear Mr Pip. This shows that Joe isnt as close to Pip as he used to be, as he now calls him Mr Pip, which is more formal. Joe also calls himself an affectionate servant. ThisShow MoreRelatedJoe Gargery Character Analysis716 Words   |  3 PagesAs Pip a poor young orphaned boy grows up, he needed someone to care, love, and listen to him, and Joe Gargery was that person for Pip. In the novel, The Great Expectation, Joe Gargery, Pip’s brother-in-law who whole heartedly takes Pip in and raised him as his own, became a father to Pip. As the novel progresses, Joe eventually became more than a father; he was Pip’s confidant, his conscience, and Dickens uses Joe to bring a moral side to the novel. In The Great Expectations, Charles Dickens characterizesRead MoreEssay on What Shapes Pip’s Character in Great Expectations?1682 Words   |  7 PagesWhat influences shape the character of young Pip in Great Expectations? â€Å"Great Expectations†, by Charles Dickens, is an enthralling tale of love and fortune. The story is set in the period of Dickens’ childhood, from 1810 to approximately 1830, and it is likely that memories of his own youth inspired Dickens to write the novel. The main character, Pip, is a gentle and humble boy whose character and personality undergo major transformations throughout the novel. He is influenced by many charactersRead More Social Class in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay3139 Words   |  13 Pagespropositions, with industry leading the way at the forefront. Due to the Industrial Revolution and the fact that Britain was being ruled by a woman, the action of Great Expectations was occurring against the backdrop of major social and cultural changes. Although Britain, as a whole, was becoming exceedingly richer, the Industrial Revolution that was taking place also spawned great poverty. The working conditions in the factories were deplorable. Child labour was prevalent and the slums of largeRead More The Character of Joe Gargery in Great Expectations Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Joe Gargery in Great Expectationsnbsp;nbsp; nbsp; The protagonists brother-in-law, Joe Gargery, in the novel Great Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is prominently humane, especially compared to the other characters. Although Pip is the psychological center of the book, Joe is the moral center. Pip struggles to be good; Joe merely is obedient by nature without apprehending it. Although Joe is not prosperous or knowledgeable, he still offers what he doesRead MoreGreat Expectations: Females Influence on Pip Essay2892 Words   |  12 PagesInfluence on Pip In the opening of the novel, Pip is a naà ¯ve young boy who as been brought up in a traditional Victorian manner. He is a very innocent and kind-hearted boy who when asked brings the convict the file and food, here we also see that Pip is quite a gullible child as when threatened by the convict Abel Magwitch who says that he’ll get a fellow convict to ‘tear his heart and liver out while he sleeps’ unless he does as the convict says, and Pip being an innocentRead MoreHistorical Information About The Setting1226 Words   |  5 Pagesoccur in England around the start of the 19th century, otherwise known as pre- and early Victorian era. Around this time, there were many societal changes occurring, such as the Industrial Revolution (which had begun near the end of the 18th century). These new changes put capitalism and manufacturing under the light of a new, greater wealth. The gap between the wealthy and the poor was noticeably large. The story begins in a rather poor, marsh country. Later, the story develops to take readers intoRead MoreGreat Expectations for All Essay1835 Words   |  8 Pagesat heart. Pip is plagued with the daunting responsibilities of adulthood and deciding where his loyalties lay. Torn between the alluring world of the rich and his roots in a destitute village, Pip must make a decision. In his early existence, extraordinary young Pip lives in impoverished house in Kent, England with his sister, Mrs. Gargery and her husband, Joe Gargery, a blacksmith. Here he is constantly beaten into submission by his caring sister. When these beating fail to correct Pip he is thenRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens4170 Words   |  17 Pagesestablishes the identity of young Pip at the start of the Novel. Consider: v How the Novel/ Pip’s journey is a Bildungsroman v What Pip wants/ How he changes v How Dickens matches setting to charater v Victorian society/ penal, Criminal system, Education v Pip as a Narrator/ His description of his Ambitions Great Expectations was written in 1860 by Charles Dickens, and is set in the Early Victorian Ages. In this novel we follow, a main protagonist, Pip, however his legal name is PhillipRead MoreGreat Expectations- Character Analysis Essay10289 Words   |  42 Pagesintroduced, when she remarks on Pips coarse hands and thick boots. However, her beauty soon captivates Pip and she is instilled as the focal point of his thoughts for much of the remainder of the novel. The fact that Pip becomes infatuated with her is also not Estellas fault. By no means is there any evidence that she loved him. She does not flirt with him in any way. Rather, she tortures Pip with her cruel treatment. Despite her abhorrent quality, Estella is extremely candid; because she seemsRead More Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay2115 Words   |  9 Pagesand overgrown churchyard on the eerie marsh country. Here we are introduced to Pip, as a young and naà ¯ve boy, and we discover he is also an orphan, who lives with sister and her husband the blacksmith, in a small village a mile or more from the church. Whilst Pip is in the churchyard, he meets an escaped convict, Magwitch, whom Pip gives food to, and this encounter remains poignant in both their lives, as Pip goes on to receive the opportunity to become a gentleman, from a mysterious benefactor

Discrimination Discrimination And Discrimination

Discrimination is an action or practice that excludes disadvantages or merely differentiates between individuals on the basis of some ascribed or perceived trait. Discrimination can be caused by stereotyping and prejudice. Stereotyping is a widely fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on a reason or an actual experience. Some groups that are more likely to be discriminated against are; women, ethnic minorities, disabled individuals, individuals with mental illnesses and those in low social classes. There are different types of discrimination to include; direct, indirect, individual and societal discrimination. Direct discrimination occurs when someone is treated less favourably than another person because of a protected characteristic. This type is usually obvious, for example, a female candidate with the best qualifications and experience does not get an interview, but a male candidate with fewer qualifications does. In comparison, indirect discrimination is less obvious, sometimes a policy or rule seems fair because it applies to everyone equally, however, it can be seen that some people are being treated unfairly. An example of this is, when an employer has a policy of not allowing any staff to work part-time, people with children or family responsibilities could be at a disadvantage. Individual discrimination refers to the discrimination against one person by another. People can actShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1161 Words   |  5 Pages Discrimination in U.S.A Introduction This term is utilized to highlight the contrast in treatment between individuals from diverse groups when one group is purposefully treated†¦ 1. Gender Discrimination †¢ Although gender discrimination has decreased a lot as compared to past but still the situation is far from ideal†¦ †¢ Several institutions are reluctant to give important and commanding posts to women†¦ †¢ Gender discrimination is also evident in social life of America†¦ 2. Religious DiscriminationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1169 Words   |  5 PagesII 10/5/2017 Discrimination Of People in the Workplace Does Discrimination still exist in the work environment? You bet. This paper focuses on discrimination laws that help women and men, who are treated differently because of their sexuality, race, religion and gender identity. Federal and State laws forbid discrimination against race, religion, sexual orientation, sex, and gender identity even though it still happens to many people. (Employment Law Handbook. (n.d.).) Discrimination Laws OrganizationsRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1626 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination is the concept of treating someone unfairly due to a specific prejudice you have toward them, as stated by Pincus (2006) on distinguishing the two â€Å"prejudice is what people think and discrimination is what people do†[1] thus to discriminate a child would be to act upon your feeling toward them. Within practice this could be shown through singling out a child due to their race, religion, disability and/or gender etc., such behaviours are not condoned nor allowed within the educationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1513 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination In today s lesson, you will be learning about discrimination. First off, you have 30 seconds to think of any reasons why discrimination may occur: Write your answers the text box below: Discrimination: Occurs when a person is subject to unfair treatment, based upon a characteristic that is considered to be abnormal, in association with certain individuals or groups, lifestyle choices, or a personal circumstance that is not desired in the workplace. What laws cover non-discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1788 Words   |  8 PagesDiscrimination has played a role in humanity from the beginnings of human existence to the modern societies of today. Every individual has experienced an act of discrimination at some point; yet, most questions surrounding this fundamental human flaw remain unanswered. One belief that has overwhelming support is the fact that discrimination can lead to significant negative effects. These effects mediate how an individual is able or unable to deal with discrimination. Thus, the discussion of discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination, Discrimination And Discrimination Essay2406 Words   |  10 PagesUnfortunately, discrimination has been occurring in America for hundreds of years. Evidence proves this when the European settlers began colonizing America and making the Native American people their slaves. It didn’t stop there, discrimination and racism was even more apparent when the Jim Crow Laws were passed. The Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation between the whites and the African Americans. For years, the unlucky Americans of all races, colors, and sexual orientation have endured discrimination at someRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination821 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is typically defined as the practice of treating a person differently from other people or groups of people. In terms of economics, discrimination occurs when people with similar economic characteristics, experience different economic outcomes due to their race, sex or other noneconomic attributes. For instance, a black worker whose skills and experience is identical to those of a white worker but receives a much lower wage is a victim of discrimination. A country will not be operatingRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination is an ongoing issue that many individuals experienc e daily. It affects a numerous amount of diverse beings in a multitude of circumstances and locations. One’s race is not the only presiding factor in being victim to discrimination, often times it can be an individual’s gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, personal values, and cultural background. Discrimination is not just about being discriminated against but sometimes it can be an unintentional maltreatment of one differentRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesis referred to as discrimination. Discrimination can be based on many different characteristics age, gender, weight, ethnicity, religion, or even politics. For example, prejudice and discrimination based on race is called racism. Oftentimes, gender prejudice or discrimination is referred to as sexism. Discrimination is often the outcome of prejudice pre-formed negative judgment or attitude. Prejudice leads people to view certain individuals or gro ups as inferior. Discrimination refers to the arbitraryRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagestreat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age Discrimination Discrimination And Discrimination Discrimination is the concept of treating someone unfairly due to a specific prejudice you have toward them, as stated by Pincus (2006) on distinguishing the two â€Å"prejudice is what people think and discrimination is what people do†[1] thus to discriminate a child would be to act upon your feeling toward them. Within practice this could be shown through singling out a child due to their race, religion, disability and/or gender etc., such behaviours are not condoned nor allowed within the education sector or the law. One of the largest groups discriminated against within this area are ethnic minorities (racism), in particular black children. Children are likely to face discrimination in comparison to adults because of their dependence and trust in adults. This is a major concern within the vocation area of children and young people as one of the most significant attributes of the sector is to maintain and provide a safe and welcoming environment whilst creating a trustworthy bond with each child/young person. Within British society there is the constant inevitability from racism throughout British history that can lead us to what are thought of as traditional viewpoints toward black people. Although nowadays, there are particular laws and enforcements in place such as The Equality Act (2010) which came into place through combining the already existing pieces of legislation: Sex Discrimination Act (1975), Race Relations Act (1976) and Disability Discrimination Act (1995) asShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1161 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination in U.S.A Introduction This term is utilized to highlight the contrast in treatment between individuals from diverse groups when one group is purposefully treated†¦ 1. Gender Discrimination †¢ Although gender discrimination has decreased a lot as compared to past but still the situation is far from ideal†¦ †¢ Several institutions are reluctant to give important and commanding posts to women†¦ †¢ Gender discrimination is also evident in social life of America†¦ 2. Religious DiscriminationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1169 Words   |  5 PagesII 10/5/2017 Discrimination Of People in the Workplace Does Discrimination still exist in the work environment? You bet. This paper focuses on discrimination laws that help women and men, who are treated differently because of their sexuality, race, religion and gender identity. Federal and State laws forbid discrimination against race, religion, sexual orientation, sex, and gender identity even though it still happens to many people. (Employment Law Handbook. (n.d.).) Discrimination Laws OrganizationsRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1513 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination In today s lesson, you will be learning about discrimination. First off, you have 30 seconds to think of any reasons why discrimination may occur: Write your answers the text box below: Discrimination: Occurs when a person is subject to unfair treatment, based upon a characteristic that is considered to be abnormal, in association with certain individuals or groups, lifestyle choices, or a personal circumstance that is not desired in the workplace. What laws cover non-discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1788 Words   |  8 PagesDiscrimination has played a role in humanity from the beginnings of human existence to the modern societies of today. Every individual has experienced an act of discrimination at some point; yet, most questions surrounding this fundamental human flaw remain unanswered. One belief that has overwhelming support is the fact that discrimination can lead to significant negative effects. These effects mediate how an individual is able or unable to deal with discrimination. Thus, the discussion of discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination, Discrimination And Discrimination Essay2406 Words   |  10 PagesUnfortunately, discrimination has been occurring in America for hundreds of years. Evidence proves this when the European settlers began colonizing America and making the Native American people their slaves. It didn’t stop there, discrimination and racism was even more apparent when the Jim Crow Laws were passed. The Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation between the whites and the African Americans. For years, the unlucky Americans of all races, colors, and sexual orientation have endured discrimination at someRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination947 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is an action or practice that excludes disadvantages or merely differentiates between individuals on the basis of some ascribed or perceived trait. Discrimination can be caused by stereotyping and prejudice. Stereotyping is a widely fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on a reason or an actual experience. Some groups that are more likely to be discriminated against are; women, ethnic minoritiesRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination821 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is typically defined as the practice of treating a person differently from other people or groups of people. In terms of economics, discrimination occurs when people with similar economic characteristics, experience different economic outcomes due to their race, sex or other noneconomic attributes. For instance, a black worker whose skills and experience is identical to those of a white worker but receives a much lower wage is a victim of discrimination. A country will not be operatingRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination is an ongoing issue that many individuals experience daily. It affects a numerous amount of diverse beings in a multitude of circumstances and locations. One’s race is not the only presiding factor in being victim to discrimination, often times it can be an individual’s gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, personal values, and cultural background. Discrimination is not just about being discriminated against but sometimes it can be an unintentional maltreatment of one differentRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesis referred to as discrimination. Discrimination can be based on many different characteristics age, gender, weight, ethnicity, religion, or even politics. For example, prejudice and discrimination ba sed on race is called racism. Oftentimes, gender prejudice or discrimination is referred to as sexism. Discrimination is often the outcome of prejudice pre-formed negative judgment or attitude. Prejudice leads people to view certain individuals or groups as inferior. Discrimination refers to the arbitraryRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagestreat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age Discrimination Discrimination And Discrimination Discrimination has played a role in humanity from the beginnings of human existence to the modern societies of today. Every individual has experienced an act of discrimination at some point; yet, most questions surrounding this fundamental human flaw remain unanswered. One belief that has overwhelming support is the fact that discrimination can lead to significant negative effects. These effects mediate how an individual is able or unable to deal with discrimination. Thus, the discussion of discrimination is important because many individuals either engage in or face discrimination, whether they realize it or not. However, this behavior often results in damaging consequences for all involved that can significantly affect an individual’s entire life. Discrimination arises from an individual’s belief in a stereotype. Stereotypes are most accurately defined as â€Å"an association between group(s) and the characteristic(s) attributed to those group(s)† (Kurylo 337). Though experts disagree on the exact definition, they do agree that stereotypes are controversial and often contain an element of inaccuracy or bias. This causes groups targeted by stereotypes, or even those who hold stereotypes, to experience negative consequences, regardless of the stereotype’s intentions (338). As a result, people are encouraged to avoid the use of stereotypes in order to prevent unnecessary discriminatory practices (339). To avoid the use of stereotypes, however, people must first fullyShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1161 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination in U.S.A Introduction This term is utilized to highlight the contrast in treatment between individuals from diverse groups when one group is purposefully treated†¦ 1. Gender Discrimination †¢ Although gender discrimination has decreased a lot as compared to past but still the situation is far from ideal†¦ †¢ Several institutions are reluctant to give important and commanding posts to women†¦ †¢ Gender discrimination is also evident in social life of America†¦ 2. Religious DiscriminationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1169 Words   |  5 PagesII 10/5/2017 Discrimination Of People in the Workplace Does Discrimination still exist in the work environment? You bet. This paper focuses on discrimination laws that help women and men, who are treated differently because of their sexuality, race, religion and gender identity. Federal and State laws forbid discrimination against race, religion, sexual orientation, sex, and gender identity even though it still happens to many people. (Employment Law Handbook. (n.d.).) Discrimination Laws OrganizationsRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1626 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination is the concept of treating someone unfairly due to a specific prejudice you have toward them, as stated by Pincus (2006) on distinguishing the two â€Å"prejudice is what people think and discrimination is what people do†[1] thus to discriminate a child would be to act upon your feeling toward them. Within practice this could be shown through singling out a child due to their race, religion, disability and/or gender etc., such behaviours are not condoned nor allowed within the educationRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1513 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination In today s lesson, you will be learning about discrimination. First off, you have 30 seconds to think of any reasons why discrimination may occur: Write your answers the text box below: Discrimination: Occurs when a person is subject to unfair treatment, based upon a characteristic that is considered to be abnormal, in association with certain individuals or groups, lifestyle choices, or a personal circumstance that is not desired in the workplace. What laws cover non-discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination, Discrimination And Discrimination Essay2406 Words   |  10 PagesUnfortunately, discrimination has been occurring in America for hundreds of years. Evidence proves this when the European settlers began colonizing America and making the Native American people their slaves. It didn’t stop there, discrimination and racism was even more apparent when the Jim Crow Laws were passed. The Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation between the whites and the African Americans. For years, the unlucky Americans of all races, colors, and sexual orientation have endured discrimination at someRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination947 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is an action or practice that excludes disadvantages or merely differentiates between individuals on the basis of some ascribed or perceived trait. Discrimination can be caused by stereotyping and prejudice. Stereotyping is a widely fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on a reason or an actual experience. Some groups that are more likely to be discriminated against are; women, ethnic minoritiesRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination821 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is typically defined as the practice of treating a person differently from other people or groups of people. In terms of economics, discrimination occurs when people with similar economic characteristics, experience different economic outcomes due to their race, sex or other noneconomic attributes. For instance, a black worker whose skills and experience is identical to those of a white worker but receives a much lower wage is a victim of discrimination. A country will not be operatingRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination is an ongoing issue that many individuals experience daily. It affects a numerous amount of diverse beings in a multitude of circumstances and locations. One’s race is not the only presiding factor in being victim to discrimination, often times it can be an individual’s gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, personal values, and cultural background. Discrimination is not just about being discriminated against but sometimes it can be an unintentional maltreatment of one differentRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesis referred to as discrimination. Discrimination can be based on many different characteristics age, gender, weight, ethnicity, religion, or even politics. For example, prejudice and discrimination ba sed on race is called racism. Oftentimes, gender prejudice or discrimination is referred to as sexism. Discrimination is often the outcome of prejudice pre-formed negative judgment or attitude. Prejudice leads people to view certain individuals or groups as inferior. Discrimination refers to the arbitraryRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagestreat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age

A Short Note On Typhoid And Fiji Gender Analysis

3. Gender Analysis of Typhoid in Fiji 3.1 Gender Analysis in Fiji Due to the diverse population in Fiji, social, economic, legal, employment, educational aspects are different in both urban areas and rural areas. Population living in rural areas was less like to access to the same quality of education, health service and justice comparing with urban areas. However, Fiji government has already on the tract of equality improvement. (Asian Development Bank, 2014) Education. In terms of MDGs 4 and 5, 90% boys and girls accept primary education in Fiji. The amount of enrolment in secondary and tertiary education is higher for females than males (ADB, 2014 Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics, 2006-2009). However, evidences showed that females are more likely to interrupt study because of financial problems. Meanwhile, the quality of education differs from rural areas and urban areas, as the result of poor education infrastructures, access to education and lack of materials and teachers. In addition, sexual and reproductive education shortage related to the low use of contraceptive and high teenager pregnancy rate. (ADB, 2014) Employment, participation and poverty. Despite females attend high level education than males; there is no relationship between education and employment. Females have less chance to be labour force, especially in rural areas. Furthermore, females are more likely to live with poverty because of less working time in formal sectors and more responsibility for

Carlos Ghosn Nissan Ceo Free Essays

Carlos Ghosn as CEO of Nissan and Renault: Can He Rework the ‘Nissan Magic’? â€Å"We knew some people were concerned about the potential for culture clashes, between the French and the Japanese, but it was not an issue. Cultural differences should be used as a catalyst for change, not as a crutch that inhibits change. You can learn a lot from somebody who is not like you. We will write a custom essay sample on Carlos Ghosn Nissan Ceo or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"1 – Carlos Ghosn, CEO, Nissan. â€Å"Make sure you are focused on your own people. Bring in them motivation and sense of ownership, then you can do your miracle. 2 – Carlos Ghosn, CEO, Nissan. Introduction In 2002, Louis Schweitzer, CEO of Renault announced that Carlos Ghosn, the president and CEO of Nissan would also take over the reigns at Renault in April 2005, while Schweitzer would remain the chairman of the board. With the new position , Carlos Ghosn would lead two companies Nissan and Renault. As of 2004,Renault held 44%stake in Nissan and Nissan owned around 15%of Renault’s shares. ‘Turnaround artist’, as Carlos Ghosn was called was behind the industry’s most remarkable turnaround at Nissan. After he became the CEO of Nissan in 1999, he had brought in many un-Japanese changes in the Japanese company and had actively persuaded the employees to accept change. Carlos Ghosn was credited for reviving the company from$254million losses and $19billion debt in 1999 into profits within two years. After taking up his position as the CEO of Renault in April 2005,CarlosGhosn is likely to face many challenges. Heading two different automobile companies from two different countries was first of its kind and industry observers expressed doubts whether Ghosn would be able to take up the pressure and rework the ‘Nissanmagic’. Carlos Ghosn: The ‘Nissan Magic’In March 1999,Renault, the then ninth carmaker in the world announced its alliance with Nissan investing $5. 4 billion. Nissan was in losses for many years from 1990-1999 except for profits reported in 1997(Annexure I) and looked out for partners to recover from the troubles. The brand recognition was very low and it was estimated that Nissan was losing $1000 for every car it sold in US. By the end of 1990s,Nissan exported cars to Europe and Australia and some parts of Asia. The company was in losses to the tune of $5. billion, had debts totaling around $19 billion and was suffering from a poor product portfolio and diminishing brand value. Nissan’s market share had dropped from 6. 6 %in 1991 to 4. 9%by late 1990s. Renault at the same time was expanding internationally through acquisitions. After the unsuccessful merger with Volvo, Renault under Louis Schweitzer entered into an alliance with Nissan acquiring a 36%stake in the compan y. Triggering the alliance was Nissan’s strength in product designs and sophisticated manufacturing that blended well with the engineering quality at Renault. For Renault, the alliance would help in international expansions in the long-term while for Nissan; it was to get rid of its short-term troubles that had accumulated. Initially industry observers were skeptical about a non-Japanese manager successfully leading a Japanese firm. While Carlos Ghosn was successful in cutting costs and had sometimes imposed hard regimes during his tenure atMichelin3  , many were apprehensive if he would be successful in Japan. | | He was 46 when he joined Nissan and was far younger than the middle-level managers in the company. Carlos Ghosn knew nothing about Japan and had no knowledge of the culture there. He once said that he had a ‘very vague’ idea about the country and accepted, â€Å"I did not try to learn too much about Japan before coming, because I didn’t want to have too many preconceived ideas. I wanted to discover Japan by being in Japan with Japanese people. â€Å"4  On the first day, when Carlos Ghosn arrived at Nissan, he took an elevator to reach his office. As he entered the lift, which was already packed with workers who were coming up from garage, everyone knew he was the new CEO. To his surprise, at every floor the lift stopped, none got down. Finally, when he got down, the employees bowed as he left and went back to their floors. After such an unexpected incident, which reflected major cultural difference, Carlos Ghosn realized how important it was to understand them. Since the first day, Carlos Ghosn had made the cultural diversity a catalyst rather than a crutch for the company. 5 Next gt;gt; 1]Carlos Ghosn’s interview, â€Å"Interview: The road to ruin†, www. themanufacturer. com, December 2002 2]Parachkevova, Anna â€Å"CEO outlines Nissan’s resurgence†, www. thedartmouth. com, May 12th 2004 3]Carlos Ghosn joined Michelin in 1974, where he was chairman and CEO of North American operations and had undertook several cost cutting initiatives. 4]†Carlos Ghosn: standing at the global crossing†, http://web-japan. org, April 5th 2002 5]†Throwing away the culture crutch†, 2000 Automotive News World Congress, January 18th 2000 Carlos Ghosn: The ‘Nissan Magic’ Cont†¦ However, since the beginning, Carlos Ghosn was in a Catch-22 situation as Japanese were not used to dictatorship kind of leadership. He knew that if he tried to dictate terms, that could lead to bruising employee morale, and if he remained lenient, it could hinder the required change. Instead of imposing change ,CarlosGhosn brought about the need for urgency in operations by mobilizing   them an agers. Carlos Ghosn identified that the basic flaw with Nissan’s culture when he took over was that employees were reluctant to accept the failures and held other departments or economic conditions responsible for them. This resulted in a lack of urgency among employees as everyone assumed the other would take action. He found that instead of solving the problems, they were trying to live with them. Nissan throughout 1990s, had been concentrating on short-termmarket share growth rather than long termgrowth and instead of investing its profits towards product portfolio improvement itwas spending themtowards equity purchases of other companies especially its suppliers. Its product profile was comparatively outdated with old designs when customers craved for stylish designs while competitors were steadily focusing on new product designs. By 1999, it had around $4 billion held in the form of shares while its purchasing costs remained very high, around 20-25%more than that of Renault’s. The employees openly resisted cross-functional teams, as they strongly believed in territories and sectionalism, which was a major part of their culture. Carlos Ghosn explained, â€Å"Engineers work very well together, financial people work very well together, salespeople work very well together. But when you start to add an engineer, a marketer, a salesperson, and a manufacturer, here all the strengths of Japan in teamwork disappear. â€Å"6  To overcome the resistance, he had to explain to the employees why the cross-functional teams were important and how they would impact the overall benefits. Carlos Ghosn believed that the general human tendency was to resist anything different. He considered that by accepting change, people tend to become stronger, as they understand the differences and try to analyze the causes for such differences. Cross-functional teams were formed and employees were involved in the revival process. This helped Carlos Ghosn explain his plans and gain acceptance easily. Through these cross-functional teams, employees were made to look beyond their line of responsibilities, understanding the nitty- gritties of the other departments as well. After the cross-functional teams were in place, people owned up responsibility whenever something went wrong. â€Å"The solution to Nissan’s problems was inside the company. The main [idea] we would have for revival of the company would be a rebuilt motivation of Nissan employees and partners,† he explained. 7| | Immediately after appointing the teams, they were asked to submit plans to achieve the maximum possible output in each area and within a week decisions were made. The outcome was the Nissan Revival Plan (NRP). After the NRPwas announced, every aspect from the timing, the plan schedules and the commitments as well as targets were clearly stated. Shiro Tomii, vice president, Nissan Japan remarked, â€Å"He establishes high yet attainable goals; makes everything clear to all roles and levels of responsibility, works with speed; checks on progress; and appraises results based on fact. â€Å"8 Next gt;gt; 6]†Carlos Ghosn: standing at the global crossing†, op. cit 7]Saadi, Dania â€Å"Nissan’s miracle man offers clues to solving national economic woes†, www. lebanonwire. com   8]David Magee, Turnaround: how Carlos Ghosn rescued Nissan Carlos Ghosn: The ‘Nissan Magic’ Cont†¦ Listening to the employees and facilitating their participation in the decision-making process, was key aspect of Carlos Ghosn’s leadership. By avoiding impersonal meetings through mails, he stressed the need for face-to-face communication. He believed that the people close to the company could come out with better solutions than an outsider like him. In contrast, the Japanese were polite, reticent and never spoke about the plans to their boss. Carlos Ghosn had to repeatedly explain to the employees that he needed their viewpoints and would not mind if they speak out. This, according to him was the greatest hurdle. While in France at Renault, he emphasized on teamwork, in Japan he believed it was not required and instead individuality was given more prominence. Price Water house Coopers in a report on change management listed Carlos Ghosn’s key human resource management techniques calling them very simple and straightforward By maintaining transparency from the stage of planning to action, he aimed at the best possible out comes while also lifting the morale of the employees who were particularly distressed after the crisis at the company. He invited suggestions from every influential individual from suppliers, Nissan’s ex-employees, dealers etc. He explained, â€Å"As you know credibility has two legs, performance, and transparency. Performance, we had none to show at the time, so we were determined to be highly transparent. â€Å"9  He called the NRP, an ‘organization’s collective effort’ involving thousands of employees at every managerial level. To show his commitment to the plan, he declared that he would resign along with other top executives if the plan fails in bringing in the benefits. Carlos Ghosn wanted immediate results by fixing short-term targets. While he called the passive style of management-by-consensus a killer, an active and constructional version could work miracles, according to him. He believed that an 85%consensus was enough and 100%was not always essential. While cultural adaptability had been his key, he was also at the same time affirmative about giving more priority to the bottom-line growth rather than just to the cultural aspects. He remarked, â€Å"I do not want to intentionally offend people, but I am more concerned about making Nissan profitable again than being culturally sensitive. â€Å"10| | The first phase of NRP focused on cutting the costs and improving profits. The first major step Carlos Ghosn undertook was divestments from subsidiaries to reduce the debt. Suppliers accounted for major part of costs of production and the age-old Keiretsu system and the obligations that came with it were adding to heavy costs11  . Deviating from the system, Carlos Ghosn opened the purchasing offer to all the suppliers encouraging new suppliers who were ready to supply at low prices. As part of the revival plan, suppliers were forced to offer discounts to the tune of 20-30%and the number of suppliers was brought down to 600 from 1145 while the purchasing costs were reduced by 20%. During a meeting with the dealers of Nissan, Carlos Ghosn announced, â€Å"I don’t want any excuses. I want to know what you are going to do to make things better. â€Å"12  Cost cutting at each stage began to be regarded as the need of the hour as the employees were encouraged to reduce expenses through all possible ways. The cross functional teams were given one month time to identify areas to cut costs and increase the profits through bottom-line growth. Next gt;gt; 9]Ibid. 10]Larimar, Tim â€Å"Japan, Nissan and Ghosn revolution†, www. sb. columbia. edu 11]The Keiretsu system, in which the companies maintained partnership with each of its suppliers, holding shares in those companies, transferring managers characterized the big family of companies and its suppliers were both shared relationships 12]Larimar, Tim â€Å"Japan, Nissan and Ghosn revolution†, op. cit. Carlos Ghosn: The ‘Nissan Magic’ Cont†¦ The most un-Japanese practices like c losing plants and cutting work force, in a country, which believed in lifetime employment, were the biggest of all challenges. When he planned to close five plants which included both assembly plants and power train plants, the board of directors were not informed until the night before, as Carlos Ghosn knew some people within the company wanted his plans to fail. After he announced, he was reported to have threatened, â€Å"If this leaks out, I’ll close seven plants, not five. â€Å"13  For Carlos Ghosn, convincing the labor unions over the disadvantages of rigid job definition was a big task. The seniority-based promotion that was entrenched in the Japanese firm was replaced by a performance based and merit-based incentive system. Instead of sacking people, which was against the culture in Japan, 21,000 jobs were cut through retirements, pre-retirements and golden handshakes out of which 16500 were in Japan alone. The plants were closed, while offering alternative jobs to the employees in other plants of the company. The complex manufacturing structure, which involved 24 platforms at seven assembly plants, was brought down to 12 platforms, which were shared by four plants. Around 10%of the retail outlets were closed and 20%of the dealer affiliates was streamlined to further reduce selling and marketing expenses. After the phase one of the revival plan was over, Nissan reported profits of $1. 5 billion for six months between April to September, which was the best results the company had ever seen. At the same time, Carlos Ghosn began to be called an iconoclast, who had brought in some un-Japanese, western style of culture in the company’s operations. He, in contrast to the traditional Japanese business etiquettes, shook hands with his partners and other executives. As a result, there was discontent among the traditionalists and other industry associations in the country. And his bold decisions like closing plants, had invited repugnance among many including the insiders and Ghosn began to take along a bodyguard wherever he went| | The cross-cultural merger between a French and a Japanese firm, raised several other challenges. The alliance aimed at cost savings through sharing of platforms and engineering capabilities. Initially though the employees and the design engineers were convinced over the superiority of the platforms brought in from the Renault plants, they were reluctant to adopt them. To overcome resistance, regular meetings were conducted among the Nissan and Renault employees. While at the same time, Carlos Ghosn began to recruit more designers from Japan to design new models. He maintained that the best way to solve the cultural differences was to avoid forcing the cultural blend. Rather, he believed in appreciating the differences between the cultures and minimizing the cultural clashes by bringing in a performance-driven management. To ensure that the Japanese staff understands what the French managers spoke, English was made the common language in the company. A dictionary of 100 key words used by them management was prepared to solve the differences in the way each work was interpreted by French as well as Japanese. The words included ‘commitment’, ‘transparency’, ‘objectives’, and ‘targets’ etc. Carlos Ghosn: The ‘Nissan Magic’ Cont†¦ In Japan, attending all formal parties of suppliers was very important and one was not supposed to miss them unless there was a strong reason. When Carlos Ghosn missed the New Year Party hosted by the suppliers’ association, it was considered as a sign of disrespect to their culture. Carlos Ghosn had attended all such gatherings since then. Carlo sGhosn understood all these subtle aspects, which were an essential part of the culture, as he began adapting to them. In the second phase of the revival plan, which started in 2001, Carlos Ghosn stressed on selling more cars, improving the top line growth as well. Dropping non-performing products from its portfolio, the company introduced trendy new models in SUVs and minivans category. An updated Z sports coupe was reintroduced in the market. The phase two increased sales by one million and debt was brought down to zero. With his unconventional leadership style and charisma, he began tow in praises from the employees of the company as well as from the industry and the public. Sometimes, people in streets would stop him and wish him success saying, ‘Gambatte [go for it]’. TIME magazine named him the most influential global business executive and more and more Japanese companies were embarking on the gaijin [Foreigner]-Ghosn’s style for attaining maximum benefits in a short time. His colleagues at Nissan were particularly impressed by his dedication towards achievement of targets and his 24/7 work ethics reinforcing the importance of hard work. His devotion towards the revival of the company from problems, for which he was not in any way responsible, encouraged his peers to work hard and contribute towards a common goal. Toshiyuki Shiga who was made in charge of the Nissan’s expansions in China had once remarked, â€Å"He told me to make a clear strategy for Nissan in China, and he gave me two months to do it. †Ã‚  14  While he ensured that the progress was undertaken without holding any individual responsible for the past crisis, he was also at the same time particular about results. | Dominique Thormann, senior vice president, Nissan Europe, said, â€Å"To people who don’t accept that performance is what is at stake, he can be ruthless. â€Å"15 Calling his turnaround at Nissan a ‘near death experience’, Carlos Ghosn said he had experienced extensive cultural diversities during his tenure at Renault, Nissan, Nissan’s North American business and Samsung motors, a Korean based co mpany acquired by Renault. His management style is woven around two attributes- ‘value and motivation’. He believed in motivating employees and demanding performance by empowering them. Your employees must be interested in what is going on in the company. Nothing is more inefficient than a boring company. You have to create an interesting environment where people are interested in the story you are creating and want to hear the happy ending†, he said. He was called ‘Ice Breaker’ by Daimler Chrysler’s Chairman Jurgen E. Schrempp because of his unconventional thinking and implementing western style of management in Japan breaking the prevalent myth in the industry. Carlos Ghosn: The ‘Nissan Magic’ Cont†¦ The biweekly comic series, ‘The true life of Carlos Ghosn’ featured Nissan’s CEO Carlos Ghosn, depicting his popularity in the industry as well as the country. Some others called him ‘an ambassador of change’, ‘the troubleshooter’ and considered him as a role model for all those business executives who were seeking solutions to the poor state of their companies in Japan. After the implementation of the Nissan Revival Plan (NRP), within two years, the company recovered from the losses and reported a 10. 2%increase in its revenues and nearly 84%increase in its operating profits . Though the sales had not considerably improved, the cost cuttings contributed towards improving the bottom line. In May 2001, the company reported its largest net profit of $2. 7 billion. Carlos Ghosn was named the ‘Businessman of the year’ by Fortune magazine in 2002 and Auto mobile Magazine called him’ man of the year’ for his contributions to Nissan. Renault increased its stake in Nissan to 44. 4%while Nissan owned 13. 5%of Renault’s share capital. However, by 2003,Nissan started experiencing a downward trend in its sales, as the volume of goods that passed out from dealers was dropping in size. Customers regularly complained of quality defects and Nissan’s rank in overall quality (as per a survey by J. D. PowerAssociates) dropped to 11th in 2004 from6th in 2003. It looked as the rigorous emphasis on the faster execution of the restructuring had resulted in these quality defects while Ghosn assured he would fix them. To counter the situation, in May 2004, he sent a quality control team of 220 engineers to the Nissan plant in Smyrna (Tennessee) and every part of the assembly line went through a detailed scrutiny. Subtle issues like the workers who wore studded jeans and rings causing scratches to the freshly painted cars, etc came to light. Ghosn was amazed at some very obvious ones, which could be rectified at the plant, like defective doors and reading lights etc. Carlos Ghosn had already achieved two of the three goals that were set for NRP, the debt was cleared and profitability was achieved. | | The Nissan 180, an extension of NRP was launched and aimed at additional sales volume of one million annually from 2005, the third objective of NRP. US market was considered to play a key role in achieving the goal of additional one million sales. A new plant was set up in Canton, the first in North America where Nissan was facing challenges from other Japanese automakers, Toyota and Honda. Mean while, Nissan was planning an alliance with Mitsubishi after Daimler Chrysler gave up its plans of partnership with Mitsubishi. The partnership would help Nissan enter the mini car segment while Mitsubishi would be able to reduce cost burden of new product development. The shortage of steel supplies forced Nissan to reduce its production in 2004, affecting production of 15,000 units amounting to $58. 5million of loss in sales. Nissan closed its plants for five days following the shortage of supplies, as steel prices in creased with demand for steel increasing after the economic boom in China. While halting production was considered a sign of mismanagement many felt that Carlos Ghosn’s attempt to bring down the number of suppliers as part of NRP, had resulted in over-reliance on few suppliers . However, Ghosn defended himself saying that the savings achieved during that phase were far more [$9. 7 billion] than the losses incurred due to loss of sales. Renault – The French Automaker Renault was a state owned government enterprise since 1945. It was started as a motorized vehicle assembler in 1898. Renault built trucks, airplane engines and heavy vehicles during the World War II and after the war and with the economic boom, Renault achieved high volume sales with its low cost cars like 4CV, Renault 4 and Renault 5 through the 1970s and 1980s. During early 1980s, Renault expanded into US by acquiring half the shares of American Motor Corporation. However, the deal was unprofitable and the company had to withdraw from the market in 1987. A similar deal failed in Mexico, and with both the deals financed through debts, Renault was left ith huge debts accumulated by the end of 1980s. It reported losses of $3. 5 billion between 1984 and 1986. Further, because it was a state owned business, obligations with labour unions led to more costs for the company. When Louis Schweitzer joined Renault in 1986,Renault had accumulated debts to the tune of $9 billion and was in huge losses. Its proposed merger with Sweden based ABVolvo in 19 93 failed due to unfavorable French political climate and with Swedish shareholders expressing reservation. The company continued to be in losses till 1996,when Schweitzer brought in Carlos Ghosn as the executive vice president. Under the duo, product quality was improved, outsourcing secondary activities and overheads were reduced along with reduction in workforce. The same time, French government started setting ground for its IPO when Louis Schweitzer discovered that privatization of the company could only save it. In July 1996, the IPO was completed. By 1998,with the midsize model Scenic, Renault was successful in European market and in 1998 alone it made profits of $1. 4 billion from$40 billion sales. 16 While Renault became the No. 1 automaker in Europe, to be a global player, it had to expand its operations further. By the end of 1990s, it had a very small presence in Asia and was totally absent in the North American market. After the merger of Daimler and Chrysler in 1998, for Renault, expansions became a requisite. And, Nissan seemed a lucrative opportunity, as an alliance with Nissan could help in easier market expansion for Renault in developing markets. While others including Ford and DaimlerChrysler had earlier attempted a deal with Nissan, they later withdrew keeping in view the huge debt that Nissan held and its culture that was inflexible. | After the alliance, Renault managed to reduce its launching and warranty costs for new product introductions by recruiting managers from Nissan to undertake the launch. At the same time, it sent its employees to Nissan to oversee manufacturing, to achieve cost efficient production. Later Renault acquired Samsung Motors in South Korea and Roman automaker, Dacia as part of its international expansion. With the launch of multi purpose vehicles, Laguna II and A van time in 2001 and Espace IV in 2002 , and after its association with Formula One racing between 1992 and 1997, its brand popularity improved. By 2004,Renault held strong foothold in European market and reported a 6. 5%increase in sales by the first half of 2004 and was the fourth largest auto company in the world. It held nearly 11%market share in Western European market in passenger car and light vehicle cars. At the same time, Renault performance in large cars segment was sluggish and was struggling to achieve operating margin of 4%, when the demand for cars in the European market was low. Some of the new launches like the Vel Satis, a tall saloon luxury model, were not very successful in the market. Are launch in the US market was also underway. Renault was facing other challenges along with Nissan and other automakers. Environmental friendly cars, which seemed a likely potential opportunity, were costly to manufacture at the price the customers were ready to pay. Renault was planning for expansions in Chinese market and South Korea and other parts of Asia through alliance with Nissan. Next ;gt;;gt; 16]†For Renault, a new chance to take on the world†, www. businessweek. com, November 15th 1999 Carlos Ghosn as CEO of Renault and Nissan By 2010, Nissan and Renault would build their cars using the common building blocks. Ghosn viewed the alliance as â€Å"managing contradiction between synergy and identity†17  and confirmed that while gaining synergies, the individual identity of each brand would be safeguarded. The other major alliances in the industry, the DaimlerChrysler and the GM/Fiat had not proved to be very successful because of improper management of merged assets, trans-atlantic product development and failed attempt in understanding local market; Ghosn confirmed that Nissan’s alliance with Renault would creatively achieve it. At the same time the alliance would avoid merger and would maintain ‘a spirit of partnership’18  . The alliance would be the fourth largest automobile group in the world. In October 2004, the first car was built using a common platform of Nissan and Renault. Modus, a subcompact minivan of Renault shared its base with Nissan’s Micra saving $500million for Renault every year. After Carlos Ghosn succeeds Schweitzer at Renault’s in April 2005, he would also continue as the CEO of Nissan. Carlos Ghosn was affirmative that he would not leave the company unless he finds the right person who would succeed him at Nissan. He stressed on the need for a Japanese as the CEO of Nissan in such a culture sensitive country. While at Nissan, he had transformed himself into a Japanese, adapting to the culture, analysts feared if he would breach the French business etiquettes as he takes up the rein at Renault. 19  Two of the five vice presidents at Renault would retire soon, and Carlos Ghosn was to take up the reigns at both the companies, during such senior level management changes. At the same time, many feared if the sense of urgency brought through NRP would continue at Nissan or will the company slip back to its old habits, when Carlos Ghosn leaves. The pressure was considered to be very high, as an analyst stated, â€Å"He will be less present at Renault than he was at Nissan, and less present at Nissan that he used to be. I believe this challenge will be more difficult. â€Å"20 The alliance had helped both the companies equally, in terms of cost savings from not requiring to construct new plants where the alliance can use common buildings, common platforms etc. This had also helped them enter new markets faster and gain other synergies . The purchasing power had also increased as they ordered and bought components through Renault-Nissan purchasing organization for both the companies at a time. | The alliance had from the beginning ensured that the inter-company cultural clashes do not exist, by maintaining individual cultural identities. While a merger had been avoided since the beginning, Carlos Ghosn confirmed that it would be its agenda in future also. Carlos Ghosn remarked that when he takes up the two positions, he wou ld blend the strengths of the people at the companies, the innovation excellence of the French and the dedication towards manufacturing of the Japanese. 21  He affirmed that his tenure at Nissan had allowed him to learn the real essence of successful leaders, and would drive his success in future also. He called himself, ‘not a theorist of citizenship but an expert in multi nationality’. 22 Carlos Ghosn called the three major attributes, ‘Value, Transparency and Performance’ as the ones that would determine the competence of any CEO. He believed that they act as standards for leadership in global business, in the light of growing corporate scandals, when the top executives of the companies were increasingly coming under scrutiny. He explained that the actual results that are delivered along with simultaneous value creation to the customers and the other stakeholders through maintaining transparency, reflect an efficient leadership. By communicating every strategy to every person concerned, he maintained that it would facilitate a faster reaction to dynamics in the fiercely competitive global market place. An analyst once called Carlos Ghosn, ‘amanager without borders, polyglot and cosmopolitan’. Talking about his dual roles and the cultural barriers that he will have to face as he moves to Renault while also heading Nissan, Carlos Ghosn said, â€Å"Global is global. In my opinion, this is going to be the story of the twenty-first century. This is what’s going to happen in the twenty-first century – you’re going to see the emergence of more ‘global’ standards, some kind of global references; you’re going to see more and more of it. But ‘globality’ doesn’t mean ‘uniformity. ‘ It doesn’t mean that. You’ll still have different cultures, you’ll still have different tastes, and you’ll still have some adaptations to make to different countries, but you’ll have some basic things that will be common globally, especially in the economic area. â€Å"23 17]†Renault’s alliance with Nissan†, www. economist. om, August 16th 2001 18]Parachkevova, Anna â€Å"CEO outlines Nissan’s resurgence†, http://thedartmouth. com, May 12th 2004 19]†Carlos Ghosn- Nissan motor†, www. businessweek. com, January 8th 2000 20]Tierney, Christine â€Å"Leadership, bold moves help Renault save Nissanâ₠¬ , www. detnews. com, October 24th 2003 21]Smith, Duvergne, Nancy â€Å"Nissan Renault alliance faces down few challenges†, http://web. mit. edu, November 18th 2004 22]Abescat, Bruno â€Å"I am an expert of multi nationality†, http://livres. lexpress. fr 23]†Carlos Ghosn: standing at the global crossing†, op. cit How to cite Carlos Ghosn Nissan Ceo, Papers